Cystitis (Bladder Infection)

Cystitis is an infection of the bladder, often caused by E. coli bacteria entering the urinary tract. Symptoms are frequent and painful urination, lower abdominal pain, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and a persistent urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty. It is typically treated with antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. Drinking plenty of fluids and taking over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms.

Urethritis (Urethra Infection)

Urethritis is an infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Symptoms are a burning sensation during urination, discharge from the urethra, and irritation at the opening of the urethra. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat the infection, and it’s crucial to complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve.

Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)

Pyelonephritis is a serious kidney infection that can result from untreated lower urinary tract infections. Symptoms include high fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, back or side pain, and frequent, painful urination. This type of UTI often requires a longer course of antibiotics, and severe cases may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and fluids.

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

This condition occurs when bacteria are present in the urine but do not cause symptoms. It is often detected during routine urine tests. Despite the presence of bacteria, the individual does not experience typical UTI symptoms. Treatment is usually not necessary unless the individual is pregnant, undergoing certain medical procedures, or has other specific health conditions.

Recurrent UTIs

Recurrent UTIs are defined as having two or more infections in six months or three or more in a year. Symptoms are similar to those of individual UTIs but occur frequently. Management may include long-term low-dose antibiotics, lifestyle changes, and addressing underlying conditions contributing to recurrent infections.

Common Causes

• Bacteria: Most UTIs are caused by E. coli, typically found in the digestive system.
• Sexual Activity: Increased activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
• Certain Birth Control: Diaphragms and spermicidal agents can increase UTI risk.
• Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can alter the urinary tract, making infections more likely.
• Urinary Tract Abnormalities: Structural issues in the urinary tract can impede urine flow, leading to infections.

Common Symptoms

• Persistent Urge to Urinate: A constant need to urinate, even if little comes out.
• Burning Sensation: Pain or discomfort during urination.
• Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Indicators of infection.
• Pelvic Pain: Especially in women, often centered around the pubic bone.
• Fever and Chills: When the infection has reached the kidneys.

Diagnosis

Our urgent care center utilizes various diagnostic methods to confirm UTIs:

• Urinalysis: Testing urine for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or red blood cells.
• Urine Culture: Identifying the specific type of bacteria causing the infection.
• Imaging: Ultrasounds or CT scans to view the urinary tract, especially in recurrent infections.
• Cystoscopy: Using a scope to see inside the bladder and urethra.

When to Seek Emergency Medical Assistance

While most UTIs can be managed with urgent care, certain symptoms require immediate attention:

• High Fever: Above 101°F (38.3°C), indicating a potential kidney infection.
• Severe Pain: In the back or sides, which may signal a serious infection.
• Blood in Urine: Persistent or worsening.
• No Improvement: Symptoms not improving with initial treatment.